Multi-stage type approval: how a chassis becomes a finished vehicle
As of: September 11, 2026
Multi-stage type-approval is the procedure whereby a vehicle is approved in several steps by different manufacturers. The vehicle manufacturer has the chassis approved as an incomplete vehicle. The body manufacturer completes it and has the next stage approved. The legal basis is Regulation (EU) 2018/858.
Who is responsible for what
The first-stage manufacturer is responsible for the chassis, drivetrain, brakes, safety systems, and the documented interfaces. The final-stage manufacturer is responsible for the complete vehicle, including the bodywork, weight distribution, lighting, and marking. Each stage assumes responsibility for its own modifications and must prove that the previous approvals are not compromised.
What is added with electric vehicles
In the case of electric commercial vehicles, bodies often affect the high-voltage system, for example with an electric power take-off for cooling or hydraulics. Interventions in the on-board network and vehicle communication also affect the requirements of UN R155 and UN R156 regarding cybersecurity and software update management. A body manufacturer needs documented interfaces and approved intervention points for this, not just a mechanical body guideline.
Alternative for individual cases
For individual vehicles, there is the possibility of an EU individual type approval, in Germany via the Federal Motor Transport Authority. This route is uneconomical for series bodies, but it is the usual way for special-purpose vehicles in small quantities.
Relation to HEERO Motors
HEERO Motors is responsible for the homologation planning for the first stage and discloses the interfaces to the body so that body manufacturers can implement the following stages without further inquiry.
Questions and Answers
What is a multi-stage type-approval?
A procedure in which a vehicle is approved in several stages by different manufacturers, typically the chassis manufacturer and the body manufacturer.
Am I allowed to mount a body onto an electric chassis myself?
The stage manufacturer is responsible for the complete vehicle and must complete the approval. Self-assembly without final-stage approval leads to a vehicle that cannot be registered.
Which bodybuilder guidelines apply to electric chassis?
In addition to the mechanical framework requirements, specifications apply to the high-voltage system and to interventions in vehicle communication in accordance with UN R155 and UN R156.
Sources and status
Regulation (EU) 2018/858. Federal Motor Transport Authority, EU individual approvals. Created 11.09.2026. Updated 11.09.2026. Checked 11.09.2026.